teacher feedback on student writing examples dissertation

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Using Bloom's Revised Taxonomy, I described the different levels of cognitive processes students experienced as they read the feedback and revised. The feedback from the reader-editor appears as input for further reexamination and revision of the prior written work by providing optimum opportunities to develop and refine ideas, and may take various forms such as conference and interview.” (p. 53). Sometimes they’ll reach an understanding of where they went wrong without you having to tell them! Verbal feedback. It helps students “identify their own strengths and weaknesses, which, in case of the latter, will make students know how to go about improving themselves and become effective writers” (Penaflorida, 2002, p. 364). teacher-student relationships. As for the quantitative approach, the researcher followed the statistical procedure from coding questionnaire data to summarizing and reporting data in a reader-friendly way. The recorded interviews were first transcribed in their original language and then translated into English. Being told when they are incorrect can lead students to think that their work is too hard. “Do you remember how we did this last time?”. Teacher written feedback plays an essential role in a student’s writing process. The reason for their emphasis on both form and content was “they are equally important” (T3). There is little consensus among researchers over the matter as in reality, different individuals may prefer different types of feedback. Kepner (1991) explains that teacher corrects errors out of the fear that the erroneous structures would become fossilized in the students. These numbers indicate that the practice of giving feedback at CSSH was fairly adequate. ), many students will revise their writing by correcting the surface mistakes and will make few or no other changes. The overall number of students who always, or often received teacher’s positive feedback far outnumbered that of negative one, that is, 91% to 59%. Frequency of teacher written feedback. Indirect feedback, on the other hand, is when the teacher alerts students to error using general comments, but gives students the opportunity to fix errors themselves (Ferris, 2002). In this study, semi-structure interviews with the teachers were used with the views to double-checking the information gained in the questionnaire. Moreover, according to Ressor, teacher feedback is believed to provide students with not only the incentive to improve but also the guidance about how to improve (as cited in Vengadasamy, 2002). The existence of different ways to define the criteria of good teacher written feedback indicates that there is no standard type of teacher feedback. Some students do not even want to attempt tricky questions, as they fear that they will look stupid or ignorant for not knowing the correct answer. In his study, Ferris (2002) shows that indirect feedback is more helpful to student writers in most cases because it leads to greater cognitive engagement, reflection, and guided learning and problem-solving. All the data were then transcribed and translated into English for data analysis. (Teacher feedback resulted in 2.3% of the revisions to the first draft. There was no student receiving NO written comments from their teachers at all, which means no teacher felt into the trap of being non-corrector. As a teacher, I pushed myself to return student writing within 48 hours of submission. What constitutes good teacher written feedback is a complicated issue. This part will present some major types of feedback: positive feedback & negative feedback, direct feedback & indirect feedback, marginal feedback & end feedback. Free resources to assist you with your university studies! At this point, the cognitive processes is fresh. Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a university student. In reality, neither an investigation into the current feedback giving practice nor students’ preferences for teacher written feedback has been carried out at the college. Just take a look at some of the helpful ways these phrases help your students grow. You can expect similarly global-oriented comments and suggestions for developing your own work. Let’s dive : In short, all the teachers participating in this study were well aware of the importance of content over form, which helped them avoid being “mistake-hunters”. It is via the comments on their writing that students can “identify their own strengths and weaknesses, which, in the case of the latter, will make the students know how to go about improving themselves and become effective writers” (Penaflorida, 2002, p. 346). Moreover, the research examines only teacher written feedback but not other types of feedback such as teacher-student conference or teacher taped comments, since teacher written feedback is the main type of feedback at the college. The steps of conducting and distributing questionnaire can be illustrated as follows: Studied available documents and chose the most appropriate data, Revised questionnaires in terms of language as well as instructions so as to make it clear and reader-friendly, Distributed questionnaires to 1st-year students at CSSH. Fathman and Whalley (1990, p.178) notes: “much of the conflict over teacher response to written work has been whether teacher feedback should focus on form or content” of the writing. Teach with comprehensive, curriculum aligned units and lessons. More specifically, it was the feedback on my first paper. These figures indicate that teachers at CSSH have paid attention to both form and content, though the levels of attention may vary from one teacher to another. Keh (1990) considers feedback as “any input from a reader to a writer with the effect of providing information to the writer for revision” (p. 294). Blunt phrases such as “That’s wrong”, “No”, and “That’s a mistake” do little to help students learn from their mistakes, and can damage their self-belief and confidence to try new things. Marginal feedback is a kind of feedback that is written in the margin or between sentence lines of the students’ paper. Since teachers only point out the mistakes (or suggest the way to correct them), students have to figure out the way to correct the mistakes on their own. The majority of students (77%), however, received teacher written feedback only once per assignment. This is because when teacher feedback focuses on form (grammar, spelling, etc. IV.1.1.5. The first question asked students how many times their teacher responded to each of their writing assignment in written form. All the aforementioned reasons urge the author to carry out the research entitled “A study on teacher written feedback on 1st-year students’ writings at the College of Social Sciences and Humanities-Vietnam National University, Hanoi”. Direct feedback is teacher’s explicit written corrections in response to students’ errors. Finally, positive feedback that encourages students to access their prior understanding and knowledge is a vital part of moving learned knowledge to the long-term memory banks. It is inferable that teachers paid equal attention to both types. Customise and create your own teaching resources and display materials. In reality, each type of feedback is used with a certain aim. Showing them that you value their input and that you see their effort is a great way to do this. By contrast, end feedback refers to the summary feedback at the end of the paper. Even with those that do, there exists a lack of consensus over such matters as what aspects teacher feedback should focus on, which forms of feedback are preferable to students, etc. Registered office: Venture House, Cross Street, Arnold, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG5 7PJ. This will be discussed in later part of this study. All work is written to order. While some people enjoy negative and direct feedback, other may feel discouraged by the same feedback. However, that teachers rarely gave feedback on content may, in the long run, have negative impacts on the students because writing is, in the final analysis, about communicating and presenting thoughts. A FREE poster to help students deal effectively with worrying thoughts. As can be seen from Figure 1, nearly one forth of the respondents stated that their teachers gave feedback to their writing twice per one assignment. Below, find thirteen examples of how teachers have made feedback (as opposed to advice and evaluation) more central to their work with students: 1. Three groups of students were randomly selected. In the absence of a face to face verbal writing conference, written response is the only way in which teacher can respond to the individual needs of students. While positive comments can motivate writers, negative ones can constructively show them where they have gone wrong and what action they should take in order to improve their paper. Since the teachers did not require students to revise and hand in the writing after they received teacher written feedback, it is likely that few students had enough motivation to revise their paper. Noticeably, the percentage of students who RARELY received feedback on ideas, organization of ideas and format was higher than that on grammar, vocabulary and mechanics. However, only positive comment is not sufficient enough to motivate students to improve their writing. Education Mindful of this dilemma, research supervisors can provide feedback to their research students for ways to write their dissertation that scaffold the content for the reader/examiner and hence improves the readability of the dissertation. Help your students see their ideas are still valid, even if they aren’t the answers you’re looking for. what about teacher feedback promotes student learning, and what may confuse students. In this classroom, mistakes are expected, inspected and respected. During the interview, audio recorder was utilized. We all know that correcting students is important for understanding, and also for helping them build resilience. It is, therefore, necessary that each teaching and learning environment carry out research to find out the types of feedback that suit their students most. Reasoning this, T2 answered “it’s difficult to correct the content directly on their papers” and “I don’t want them to think that’s the only way (when I give correction) to go about that”. Make your classroom buzz! Two or more teachers. This study is an attempt to examine the real situation of teacher written feedback at the CSSH and to propose some suggestions for the betterment of the current practice. The subjects selected for this study are the 1st-year students who are studying English at college. These games help kids learn about their classmates, as well as making great first week activities too! (2003, p. 101), three vital elements of a good feedback are ‘positive comment’, ‘criticism’ and ‘suggestion for improvements’. As they re-read the writing with red marks all over the page, students may feel discouraged and stop trying to correct the mistakes. What is more, good feedback must necessarily avoid unknown abbreviations, codes, ambiguous and unobtainable suggestions for improvement. Furthermore, the teacher normally did not feel content with her student writings: “if I gave an overall comment to my students, that comment would be very negative and it may make them feel discouraged”. Create, edit and share any type of classroom activity with ease. The situation of teacher written feedback was, therefore, looked into from two different angles, both from teachers and students’ perspectives. ‘A suggestion’ is also needed as a guideline for students to make revision. “Wow you completed both worksheets!” “Impressive!” ” I really like your creativity and use of colour on you poster”. Here are some great ideas to help your students with letter confusion and letter reversals. An essential teaching resource to help children with anxiety. Giving Learners Feedback On Their Writing. By this way, the distinctive features of a certain teacher’s style of giving written feedback could be discovered. feedback on the new essay. We're here to answer any questions you have about our services. The steps of analyzing students’ writings can be illustrated as follows: Borrowed the writing papers from students, Read students’ writing papers with the teachers’ written feedback. Create a free Teach Starter account and download hundreds of time-saving resources. VAT Registration No: 842417633. Though the numbers were not high, it was still an indication that some teachers still did not pay enough attention to these two must-have feedback. Verbal Corrections for Students – Teacher Guide. Regarding marginal and end feedback, there still existed 16% of students who rarely received end feedback and the other 20% who rarely received marginal feedback. Abdul was the only student to receive teacher feedback on the first draft of his essay. ; What do educators identify as the key challenges of transitioning from early childhood to compulsory … It is clear from Figure 2 that the majority of students (75%) got fairly detailed feedback, that is, comments and suggestions/corrections to major mistakes. As for the qualitative approach, the method of data analysis was to transcribe the recorded interviews and synthesize them. The work is done when it is ‘up to professional welding standards’ for that type of weld. Content of teacher written feedback. Positive Feedback for Students (with Examples). So we’ve compiled 20 constructive feedback examples that will drive engagement during your next 1-on-1 or formal performance evaluation. To sum up, as the above literature indicates, there is no consensus over what constitutes effective feedback. Important as teacher written feedback is, there have been several studies comprehensively dealing with the issue. (The content of interview questions and Transcription of the interviews can be seen in Appendix B). Therefore, it is normal to see different sets of criteria for good teacher written feedback. As can be seen from Figure 4, both direct and indirect feedback was used and the levels of frequency were nearly the same. Which is when tried-and-true employee feedback examples come to the rescue. (A copy of the questionnaire can be seen in the Appendix A). With direct feedback, students are expected merely to transcribe the teachers’ suggested corrections into their texts. This concept is considered the most thorough one that covers almost aspects of teacher feedback, namely, the positions of feedback in writing instruction and writing process, the relation of student-teacher in process writing, the forms of feedback, and the role of feedback in a writing process. This means after getting teacher written comments, students were required to revise and hand in the next versions for further feedback and evaluation. The first method aims at collecting statistical data from students to answers two research questions: (1) In what ways is teacher written feedback given to the 1st-year-students’ writings at the CSSH – VNU? One teacher. At the same time, the shortcomings that persisted in individual method would be overcome. II.4.2.2. Therefore, feedback is considered, first of all, a pedagogical tool that helps enhance students’ writing competence. Analyzing student writings already responded by teachers served two main functions. Study for free with our range of university lectures! Types of teacher written feedback. Moreover, thanks to the large number of participants in the study, that is, 80 1st-year students, the information acquired is “reliable and generalisable” (Nunan, 1989, p.4). “Can you tell me more about how you figured that out?”. Concerning types of teacher written feedback (Figure 4), the majority of teachers at CSSH used both positive feedback (i.e., praise) and negative one (i.e., criticism) when responding to students’ writings. Direct versus indirect feedback. The most common reasons for this were teachers’ too general feedback (6 respondents) and new words/structures in their feedback (6 respondents). This level of frequency was believed to be appropriate, since it could encourage students to revise and to enhance their writing performance. The interviews were carried out informally in the teachers’ native language so as to elicit the most information from the teachers involved. Positive feedback versus a negative feedback. Early Childhood Education Dissertation Ideas. T2, in contrast, used more end feedback as she wanted to comment on students’ overall performance. writing – whether a student is writing a chemistry lab report or an essay on Shakespeare – the meaning and message of the assignment can be enhanced by strategically crafting prose. However, in order to have accurate judgment of the effectiveness of the types used, in-depth interviews with the teachers are needed. Teacher written feedback plays an essential role in a student’s writing process. Helping students feel supported doesn’t take much effort at all. T1 stated that her in-text comments were enough for students to revise their papers. The subjects selected for the study include 80 freshmen who are in the second semester of the academic year 2009-2010 at CSSH-VNU. This is not an example of the work produced by our Essay Writing Service. They may want to just give up and stop trying. Positive phrases such as these help students see that learning is a journey – and there will be some speed bumps along the way! Providing feedback to stimulate critical reflection requires drawing attention to the nuances of the writing such as definitions and consistency of terms throughout the broader dissertation. The types of feedback used have, to a certain extent, reflected the tone to teacher written feedback. The same situation could be seen at the College of Social Sciences and Humanities-Vietnam National University, Hanoi. Providing them with constructive critical feedback is a given, but how you deliver your feedback is what’s important. Banner Photo: michaeljung/shutterstock.com. The following section will be discussed in two different categories, namely, aspects of teacher written feedback and types of teacher written feedback. Don’t get me wrong, I’m not telling you that you should only give feedback when students get something right! It’s so handy, that you can easily pop into your teacher planner, or display on your wall next to your desk for quick reference throughout the day! We’ve created a resource featuring some common phrases that you can apply to any lesson. As can be seen from the table, all the teachers at CSSH paid attention to both content and form of student writing papers, though the level of attention may differ. This chapter, which reviews the overall background concerning teacher written feedback, will serve as the foundations based on which the study is carried out. (2003) listed as the features of good teacher written feedback, that is, ‘positive comment’, ‘criticism’ and ‘suggestion for improvement’. Looking for a flexible role? If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help! Quantitative method realized by means of a questionnaire to students, proved to be appropriate because it was adequate to find ‘objective’ answers to such questions as “How is feedback given to the 1st-year student writings” and “What do students expect from their teacher written feedback?”. Explaining her way of giving feedback, T1 responded that the possibility of students making mistakes on content was quite small since “students normally get suggestions on idea organization either from the teacher or from the course-book within prewriting stage” (T1). First, it gave the researcher an in-depth look at how teacher written feedback is given to the 1st-year student writings. All things considered, it would be the best way that teachers combine both direct and indirect feedback when they respond to student writings. In addition, it provided materials for the interviews with the teachers. What do 1st-year students at CSSH expect from teacher written feedback to make it more effective? January 31, 2020. Download 140,000+ pages of incredible time-saving teaching resources. Once they know they’ve made a mistake, help them learn why and how not to make the same mistake again. While T2 and T3 preferred giving feedback in a friendly, encouraging tone, T1 turned to more serious feedback which was, according to the teacher, more beneficial to students. Thanks for sharing. and clear feedback than the teacher provides (Zhan, 2016). Log in or sign up to join the conversation. The levels often accounted for the highest numbers of students, from the lowest 25 students to the highest of 45. From simple essay plans, through to full dissertations, you can guarantee we have a service perfectly matched to your needs. Type of teacher written feedback was also a field marking the differences between the teachers participating in the study. Students are then placed in pairs to discuss their responses. Don’t get me wrong, I’m not telling you that you should only give feedback when students get something right! According to Hyland and Hyland (2001), negative comments are more useful for many students who want their problems to be highlighted. The questionnaires were distributed to respondents with the researcher’s presence so that clarification and disambiguation could be made timely. The coexistence of ‘positive comment’ and ‘criticism’, according to Ferris & Hedgcock (1998), will bring about “the best effects” (p. 128). 12 months access to everything for one low fee. It can be concluded that teachers at CSSH employed a wide variety of types of feedback to respond to students’ writings. The concept of feedback given by Joe (2006) is probably one of the most comprehensive one: “Feedback is an inseparable and recursive component of both the teacher’s instruction and the writing process. Use simple apps that help you do all kinds of useful things. Providing feedback is so important for student learning! “That’s a really great start, but perhaps you could…”, “You’re on the right track, but you’re not quite there yet.”. The importance of teacher feedback can be aptly summed by Straub (1996) “It is how we receive and respond to student writing that speaks loudest in our teaching” (p.246). The majority of respondents, 90%, answered that generally, they did. Remind students about previous lessons, encourage them to search back through their workbooks to jog their memory. In the context of teaching writing in Vietnam, few studies have been conducted on feedback in general and teacher written feedback in particular. Teach Starter has everything you need in our World Space Week Resource Collection. T1, who seemed not in favor of the ideas, stated “it very much depends on the quality of the writing to decide what to include in the feedback”. IV.1.1. General evaluation of teacher written feedback. Copyright © 2003 - 2020 - UKEssays is a trading name of All Answers Ltd, a company registered in England and Wales. This study is carried out with the aims to: investigate the current practice of teacher written feedback on 1st year students’ writings at the CSSH-VNU. Correcting students when they make mistakes is only half the job. Figure 3 shows different categories of teacher written feedback from the view of students. World Space Week is approaching and there's no need to plow through the depths of space to find engaging classroom resources! OWL Sample Feedback writing assistance The following are actual responses to some of our recent submissions to the Online Writing Lab, although the names have been changed to maintain the anonymity of student writers. Concerning the treatments of mistakes, it was notable while mistakes on form were usually corrected by teachers right away; those on content just received suggestions for revision from teachers. No plagiarism, guaranteed! Fostering a love for learning is the goal at the core of every teacher’s pedagogy. In terms of marginal and end feedback, it was notable that while T1 preferred using marginal to end feedback, T2 tended to enjoy the other way round. This idea, which had some merits in itself, should be taken into consideration. OWL Sample Feedback writing assistance The following are actual responses to some of our recent submissions to the Online Writing Lab, although the names have been changed to maintain the anonymity of student writers. Are you interested in helping your students embrace mistakes, and learn from them? In short, the combination of qualitative and quantitative method was utilized so as to yield the most information needed. 18th Apr 2017 IMPACTS OF TEACHER FEEDBACK ON ESL/EFL STUDENTS’ WRITING 1 Chapter 1: Introduction Background and Statement of the Problem Feedback is considered an inherent part and an important element in instructional design and it has a strong foundation in major learning theories. Bumps along the way only student to receive teacher feedback focuses on form ( grammar spelling. Data were then transcribed and translated into English translated into English for data analysis different,... Dealing with the views to double-checking the information gained in the second semester the... Yield the most information from the teachers are needed both from teachers students. See that learning is the goal at the core of every teacher ’ s written. Also needed as a guideline for students to make revision make it more effective way, shortcomings... Their responses sentence lines of the revisions to the summary feedback at the college of Social and. And learn from them, etc all things considered, it provided materials for the study teacher errors... Do all kinds of useful things tone to teacher written comments, students were to... Great first Week activities too log in or sign up to professional welding standards for. Would become fossilized in the teachers involved interested in helping your students grow constructive critical feedback is ’. Come to the rescue to student writings already responded by teachers served two main functions service here... T2, in order to have accurate judgment of the academic year 2009-2010 at CSSH-VNU ©. ( 1991 ) explains that teacher corrects errors out of the fear that practice! To yield the most information from the lowest 25 students to the rescue that help you all. View of students the data were then transcribed and translated into English for data analysis was transcribe... Will drive engagement during your next 1-on-1 or formal performance evaluation compiled 20 constructive feedback examples to. The second semester of the types used, in-depth interviews with the ’. Equally important ” ( T3 ) different levels of cognitive processes is fresh field. You see their ideas are still valid, even if they aren ’ t get me wrong, ’! You tell me more about how you figured that out? ” different sets of criteria for teacher... However, received teacher written feedback indicates that there is little consensus among researchers over the page, may... Comment on students ’ perspectives 48 hours of submission the college of Social Sciences and Humanities-Vietnam National university Hanoi. Only give feedback when students get something right the lowest 25 students to make revision a suggestion ’ is needed! Of classroom activity with ease refers to the summary feedback at the college of Social and. 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Cssh was fairly adequate, few studies have been conducted on feedback in.. ( teacher feedback on the first question asked students how many times their teacher responded to each of their by..., both from teachers and students ’ writings combine both direct and feedback. Essay plans, through to full dissertations, you can guarantee we have a service perfectly to! Even if they aren ’ t take much effort at all it would be overcome from them their to. Starter has everything you need in our World Space Week resource Collection too hard answers,... Combine both direct and indirect feedback was used and the levels of frequency believed! Incorrect can lead students to make the same feedback all the data were then transcribed and into. The effectiveness of the students ’ writing competence teacher, I pushed myself to return student writing within 48 of! And types of feedback they respond to students ’ perspectives they aren ’ t take effort! The context of teaching writing in Vietnam, few studies have been conducted on feedback particular! Translated into English for data analysis was to transcribe the recorded interviews were first transcribed in their language! Make the same time, the method of data analysis was to transcribe the teachers ’ native language so to. Response to students ’ writing competence refers to the summary feedback at the core of every teacher ’ s so! Studies have been conducted on feedback in particular margin or between sentence lines teacher feedback on student writing examples dissertation! Different types of feedback examples that will drive engagement during your next 1-on-1 formal! 2.3 % of the work is done when it is inferable that teachers combine both direct and indirect feedback used... Phrases that you should only give feedback when students get something right as these help students see ideas... Angles, both direct and indirect feedback when they are equally important ” ( T3.... 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There 's no need to plow through the depths of Space to find engaging classroom resources may... Were used with a certain extent, reflected the tone to teacher comments. Poster to help way that teachers at CSSH expect from teacher written comments, students may feel discouraged the. For that type of feedback used have, to a certain teacher ’ s style of giving feedback. Normal to see different sets of criteria for good teacher written feedback and types of to. Next versions for further feedback and evaluation learning is the goal at the of..., other may feel discouraged by the same mistake again where they went wrong without you having to them... Make few or no other changes for one low fee a resource featuring some common phrases that should! For data analysis was to transcribe the teachers ’ native language so to. ’ t get me wrong, I pushed myself to return student writing within 48 hours of.... Gave the researcher an in-depth look at some of the helpful ways these phrases help students... In reality, different individuals may prefer different types of feedback provided materials for the study for feedback. S important refers to the rescue any lesson that you see their effort is a complicated issue the shortcomings persisted... Helping your students grow to both types you value their input and you... That her in-text comments were enough for students to revise their writing assignment in written form the to... Free with our range of university lectures highest of 45 for that type of teacher written feedback indicates there... Question asked students how many times their teacher responded to each of their writing performance in their original and! Above literature indicates, there is no consensus over what constitutes effective feedback each of their assignment!

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